Facial Defect

Jocelyn et al. analyze 16 universal children and 16 CLP children, ages unity and two, and found that CLP children had lower scores on cognition, vocabulary comprehension, and language expression. They were alike found to have to a greater extent middle-ear disease and hearing loss. Hearing ability was correlated with language comprehension and expression.

Milerad, Larson, Hagberg, and Ideberg (1997) studied infants with both pass sassing and palate ( provided those with true clefts were included; submucous clefts were not included). They found that 21% of the 616 infants studied with either or both defects, also had other fork come in defects which usually involved the spine, arms, legs, or heart; those with a plump cleft were more likely to have associated malformations than those with only wiz defect. Many were born prematurely, had more than one defect, a rational disorder, or a syndrome associated with genetic abnormalities. The most common anomalousness found for this study was congenital heart disease; cardiovascular malformations were found in 24% of the infants.

Adults with cleft lip and palate were studied by Suzuki, Yamaguchi, and Furukawa (1999). Patients were found to manifest many anatomical and physiological impairments; included were otologic, audiologic, and rhinologic disorders. Nasal airway obstruction was considered one of the most vital situations due to its high prevalence and restrict nasal respiration. This problem damages the lower respiratory tract epithelium and can induce a

Williams, Sandy, Thomas, Sell, and Sterne (1999) report ontwo of the primary surgical techniques used. The Von Langenbeck holdfast, is based on the fair midline closure, and the Wardill-Killner "pushback" repair, attempts to lengthen the soft palate. Results of the two techniques argon cited as equivocal, with a lack of data for sufficient conclusion. Some surgeons urge a presurgical dental plate for facilitation of primary repair (p. 1697).

Williams et al. also report on the relationship between treatment of cleft lip and palate cases, and outcome. Long-term results of the cleft abnormality are a substantial burden of care.

Since only one in 700 births are reported, it is stated as being difficult to pull together a sufficient amount of patients for adequate study. However, a inspection of outcomes in the UK, indicated that results are poor. The primary goal of palate repair is stated as restoration of the continuity of the palate and entry of an adequate veloparyngeal sphincter (p. 1697).

Suzuki, H., Yamnaguchi, T., & Furukawa, M. (1999). Rhinologic computed tomographic evaluation in patients with cleft lip and palate. Archives of Otolaryngology, 125(9), 1000.

de Silva, N. R., Sirisena, J. L. G. J., Gunasekera, D. P. S., Ismail, M. M., & de Silva, H. J. (1999). Effect of mebendazole therapy during pregnancy on birth outcome. The Lancet, 353(9159), 1145-1149.

Lorente, C., Cordier, S., Goujard, J., & Ayme, S. (2000). tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy and risk of oral clefts. American Journal of Public Health, 90(3), 415-422.

The Clinical Standards Advisory Group investigated 297 children (age 5) and 277 children (age 12), who had standard cleft repair in Britain. They found that two out of five had poor dental bite, half could speak normally for their age, and less than one third had good lip way at age 12. Of the 57 units of cleft palate repair, only six to eight were considered as providing good to excellent care. myopic t
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