How Has Being a Christian Affected the Life Essay

How Has Being a Christian Affected the Life - Essay Example The researcher states that until he was about 12 years-old that he began to understand why the pilgrimage to church each week was important to his parents and soon after, what had been a mindless and somewhat boring routine became important to him.   Maybe it was because the author was a little bored in church and the Bible was the only reading material available but regardless of the motivations, he started his own routine of reading the red-letter parts of the New Testament each Sunday. Entranced by the words of Jesus, this habit progressed to late evenings at home and even on the bus to school. The researcher found the words of Christ simple, to the point and ultimately a path to inner contentment and happiness. His words are, essentially, a guidebook for life. It was during this period in the author’s life, early teenage years, that the spirit of God entered his life through the words of His Son and this connection has grown stronger by the year. The researcher made the transition from attending church as a matter of custom to being a devoted Christian gradually throughout the middle-school years; a time when having faith is certainly a benefit. Though the author knew it wasn’t uncommon for everyone to have feelings of awkwardness at this age, this knowledge did not help soothe his own feelings of inadequacy. The researcher wasn’t considered one of the cool, popular kids and neither were 99 percent of the students but again, this mathematical fact did not help either. Most of the author’s friends from church attended other schools and the couple of people he associated with in elementary school had different class schedules. The researcher felt very alone, vulnerable and intimidated. The ‘other’ students seemed more mature and sure of themselves which was more a result of his distorted self-perception than a reality nevertheless this feeling was very real at that time. The researcher did not feel comfortable tellin g anyone close to him such as his parents or his once-a-week friends from church so the author took solace in prayer. It gave him inner-strength in a time of self-doubt and confusion. Reading the Bible also helped considerably. Besides the lessons and wisdom gained from its pages, the realization that Jesus was not a popular figure either and had also a small circle of friends was of some comfort. Being a Christian at this time of great uncertainty was very beneficial.   It gave the author something solid in his life to hold on to at a time when he needed it the most.  

Quality vs. Quantity in the Nursing Profession Essay

Quality vs. Quantity in the Nursing Profession - Essay Example For almost 200 years, nursing has been a profession with high standards of ethical service. It is not surprising how people looked up to the profession with respect and awe. The profession is not just about wearing the ever-identified white cap over one's heads and playing second fiddle to the physician. The scope of the nursing profession has made it easier to identify possible problems that may pose as a hindrance to its development in the near future. Current issues plaguing the profession are not allowed to taint what the past has meticulously built and endowed. The new generation nurses are then tasked to make sure the profession continue being regarded with esteem despite global problems. There have been accusations that the current nursing education does not produce enough competent nurses. Recent commercialization in the educational system owes to inconvenience this profession. Current diploma programs and associate nursing programs are offered as a shorter track to allow the resource pools to stretch faster. It is a common knowledge though, that the mastery of skills in the real world takes more time to adjust to the demands of practical full time nursing. Theoretical preparation however equips a practitioner the full understanding and applications of learning applicable to the actual practice. Education does play a central role into the nurses' profession but practice makes a better nurse. To address the issue of fast-track education which promotes incompetence, the different states have identified entry levels into the practice of professional nursing. The State of Texas and other states have identified licensed nursing practice along a continuum from the licensed vocational nurse to the doctorate prepared registered nurses. Vocational nurses are required to pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN). Granted with a 90-day temporary permit, examinees are required to practice with direct supervision before allowance of a licensed practice. Baccalaureate degree holders, considered as articulate in the broader Nursing perspective are also required to take the NCLEX-RN and a 60-day temporary period while waiting testing and licensure. Other states have their own various rules and advisories however dwell on the same premise as the State of Texas and the rest. Considering that major employers for nurses are hospital- based institutions, the face of the nursing education is being monitored by the government to undergo face-lifts in their educational programs. Despite the widespread difficulties encountered, professional nursing practice is prevailed upon by the actual educational preparation of a nurse and her exposure to the technical nursing skills. The United Kingdom, recognizing the same potential for the same kind of grievance has addressed the issue in a different manner. Ensuring high standards of care in hospitals, routine inspections by the Commission for Health Improvement and Patient Environment Action Team is tasked to oversee the matter. According to Health Minister John Denham, "over 400 nurse consultants will be posted with new top clinical grade for nurses and midwives". Sarah Mullaly, the Chief Nursing Officer added that "the majority of nursing care delivered in the country

Decision Making Process

Decision Making Process 1.0 INTRODUCTION: Globalism is the term that being mentioned everywhere in the field of business at present. Thus, due to lots of new developments and emerging techniques are introduced in the organizations very rapidly, creates a number of problems in the field of management. The problem solving and decision-making process begins when recognizing the problem, experiencing pressure to act on it, and the resources to resolve the problem. This can be done only by a manager, whose key roles are solving problems and making decisions. He must recognize problems, make a decision, initiate an action, and evaluate the results. It is difficult to make good decisions without good planning. Generally, a problem can be solved by thinking about the issue and making logical decisions. These are mostly assumptions that can predict the decisions that are being formulated as a result of the problems. This can also be given as rational thinking of the organizational problem solving strategy can be benefited by a positi ve result. 2.0 WHAT IS RATIONALITY? Rationality is related to the idea of reason, referring to thinking that gives an account or an explanation. Rationality and reason are the key methods used to analyze the data gathered through systematically gathered observations. It also gives the success of goal attainment. Rationality is equated with behavior that is self-interested to the point of being selfish. Whereas, irrationality refers to talking or acting without regard to rationality. Peoples actual interests differ from what they believe to be their interests. Mechanisms that have evolved to give optimal behavior in normal conditions lead to irrational behavior in abnormal conditions. Thus, rational behavior in an organization is nothing but having sound judgment and practical implementation. There are 2 types of rationality that are existed. They are: Mathematical Rationality Functional Rationality 2.1 Mathematical rationality: Mathematics can be used to formulate objective knowledge. The mathematical formulation enables us to express the knowledge of reality with a maximum degree of objectivity. There are number of possible conceptions of mathematics, it is open to the risk of choosing different hypotheses, a risk which is technically called undesirability. 2.2 Functional rationality: Functional rationality prevails in an organization of human activities in which the thought, knowledge, and reflection of the participants are virtually unnecessary; men become part of a mechanical process in which each is assigned a functional position and role. What they forfeit in creativity and initiative is gained by the organization as a whole and contributes, presumably, to its greater efficiency. Bureaucratic organizations strive for maximum functional rationality. 2.3 SCIENTIFIC RATIONALITY: The history of science constitutes the evident for the concept of rationality. A good theory of rationality must fit the history of science. A methodology for scientific rationality is a theory of rationality, it tells us what is rational and what is not in specific cases. Always accept the theory with the greatest degree of confirmation. 3.0 ADVANTAGES OF RATIONALITY: Thinking rationally means thinking logically. Rational thoughts will be always right and true. Its a sole source of knowledge. Rational thinking gives confidence. It helps to make decisions. Rational decision making is good for incremental, linear causality. Can solve problems incase of critical situations. Gives independent thinking and meaningful orientation. There is a traditional ingrained habituation. It avoids a value-laden assessment. It ultimately leads to self-awareness. 4.0 LIMITATIONS TO RATIONALITY: The incompleteness of formal logical systems can be an incontrovertible truth. An arithmetical statement is true but not provable in the theory. Any theory capable of expressing elementary arithmetic cannot be both consistent and complete. Rationality is arbitrary, subjective and incapable of describing something completely. Rational approach will always fail eventually. It evaluates uncertainty. 5.0 APPLICATIONS OF RATIONALITY: There are different applications of rationality. They can be classified into normative and positive forms of applications. They are: The firm acts rationally and this is to predict behavior. For example the firm makes decisions according to options that can predict the behavior of the firm. The firm will be a better off if it makes its decision following a rule derived from rational analysis. For example using an options formula will improve a firms capital allocation. The user must verify that the environment fits the assumptions of the model. For example, the assumptions made in mathematics model derivations should be true of the strategic context. Instead of presenting a mathematical model, the general implications of a theory can be taken and applied without working out mathematics. These applications run the real risk that the assumptions of the model are not checked for their fit with the real world. 6.0 PROBLEM SOLVING: Problem solving forms part of thinking, the most complex of all intellectual functions. Problem Solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills. It occurs if an artificial intelligence system does not know how to proceed from a given state to a desired goal state. It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping. The problem-solving process operates under awareness versus outside of awareness, and typically employs mathematically well-defined computerized systems. Problem-solving often involves decision-making, and decision-making is especially important for management and leadership. There are many approaches to problem solving, depending on the nature of the problem and the people involved in the problem. The more traditional, rational approach is typically used and involves. There are many techniques for problem-solving. They are: Challenge your assumptions Lateral thinking Divide and conquer Hill-climbing strategy Trail and error Brainstorming Morphological analysis Hypothesis testing Root-cause analysis Break big problems down Ask three people Write down the problem Change your perspective Generalization and specialization Working backwards These techniques can be applied to an organization by using certain tools. They are: Extracting maximum information from facts Appreciation Understanding problems in detail Drill-Down Identifying possible causes of problems Cause Effect Diagrams Understanding how a process works Flow Charts Understanding the way factors affect one-another Systems Diagrams Analyzing Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats SWOT Analysis Making Cash Flow Forecasts with Spreadsheets Methods of Risk Analysis Understanding where the power lies Porters Five Forces Understanding the big picture PEST Analysis Identifying what really matters to customers Value Chains Find your competitive edge with USP Analysis For example, taking my own organizational experience (I-Tech Ppl Staffing Solution, Chennai, India) we had certain issues relating to location change in our organization where we used some techniques like morphological analysis, etc. we also used certain tools in relation to the problem solving technique i.e. SWOT Analysis and PEST Analysis for solving our organizational problems. 7.0 DECISION-MAKING: Decision making can be regarded as an outcome of mental processes (cognitive process) leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion. Human performance in decision making terms has been subject of active research from several perspectives. From a psychological perspective, it is necessary to examine individual decisions in the context of a set of needs, references an individual has and values he/she seeks. From a cognitive perspective, the decision making process must be regarded as a continuous process integrated in the interaction with the environment. From a normative perspective, the analysis of individual decisions is concerned with the logic of decision making and rationality. The decision-making process can be explained by two different models. They are: Garbage Can Model Carnegie Model GARBAGE CAN MODEL: The Garbage Can Model of organizational choice was formulated by Cohen, March and Oslen. The Garbage Can Model deals with the pattern or flow of multiple decisions within organization. It was developed to explain the pattern of decision-making in organizations that experience extremely high uncertainty. It was developed in reference to ambiguous behaviors, i.e. explanations/interpretations of behaviors which at least appear to contradict classical theory. The Garbage Can Model was greatly influenced by the realization that extreme cases of aggregate uncertainty in decision environments would trigger behavioral responses which, at least from a distance, appear irrational or at least not in compliance with the total/global rationality of economic man†. An organized Anarchy can be caused by three characteristics: Problematic Preferences Unclear, poorly understood technology Turnover The theoretical breakthrough of the Garbage Can Model is that it disconnects problems, solutions and decision makers from each other, unlike traditional decision theory. Specific decisions do not follow an orderly process from problem to solution, but are outcomes of several relatively independent streams of events within the organization. THE STREAMS OF EVENTS: PROBLEMS Problems require attention, they are the result of performance gaps or the inability to predict the future. Thus, problems may originate inside or outside the organization. Traditionally, it has been assumed that problems trigger decision processes; if they are sufficiently grave, this may happen. Usually, however, organization man goes through the garbage and looks for a suitable fix, called a solution. SOLUTIONS They have a life of their own. They are distinct from problems which they might be called on to solve. Solutions are answers looking for a question. Participants may have ideas for solutions; they may be attracted to specific solutions and volunteer to play the advocate. Only trivial solutions do not require advocacy and preparations. Significant solutions have to be prepared without knowledge of the problems they might have to solve. CHOICE OPPORTUNITIES There are occasions when organizations are expected to produce behavior that can be called a decision. Just like politicians cherish photo opportunities, organization man needs occasional decision opportunities for reasons unrelated to the decision itself. PARTICIPANTS They come and go; participation varies between problems and solutions. Participation may vary depending on the other time demands of participants. Participants may have favorite problems or favorite solutions which they carry around with them. The organizational decision making generally takes on a random quality. When a problem arises a solution can be proposed by the participants. Equal opportunities should be given to all the staffs in an organization. For example, considering my own organizational experience, our organization was suffering from poor training process. Our Manager was welcoming some volunteers to give some good suggestions to improve the process of training process. Thus, I and my colleagues worked on this by gathering information from many sources. We conducted a survey in many big organizations about the training methods that are being followed by them. Then, finally we ended up by giving certain logical ideas as well which formed to be the good solution for the training methods. Thus, rational thinking is important for solving any kind of problem in an organization. Equal opportunities were given to all the employees in our organization. Thus, the problem was solved using the kind of Garbage Can Model. PROBLEMS CHOICE OF OPPORTUNITIES MANAGEMENT PARTICIPANT SOLUTION Fig. 1.0 represents the Garbage Can Model of decision-making. Source: Self CARNEGIE MODEL: The Carnegie model was formulated by Richard Cyert, James March and Herbert Simon. This helped to formulate the bounded rational approach to individual decision making that can provide new insights about organizational decisions. An organizational decision-making involves coalition choice made by the mangers. It means the relationship among the managers who take decisions about organizational goals and problems. The organizational goals are mostly unstructured and contradictory. The mangers can be rational but function with human cognitive limitations. The coalition process has several steps starting with satisfactory decision that can be suggested for the performance to achieve goals. Continued by an immediate environment for resolving a problem can be suggested by some managers. Finally, for identifying the exact problem identification stage of decision making can be done by discussion and bargaining. Coalition forms to be the major part of organizational decision making process. Thus, the solution should be quick, simple and cost-effective. For example, we can consider fire security measures, which help to solve the problem initially by creating an environment suitable for solving the problem. They also get prepared with the pre-requisites needed to solve the problem satisfactorily. This method does not need a discussion or bargaining as the steps are taken immediately once the problem is been observed or indentified. These two models can be used to solve the problem of decision-making in an organization. But certain methodology has to be followed for making a decision successfully. The best method is Systems Intervention Strategy. 8.0 SYSTEMS INTERVENTION STRATEGY [SIS]: Its a family of ‘systems approaches based on systems ideas. To move from a completely unstructured problem situation to a situation in which viable options can be modeled and comprehensively evaluated before successful implementation, which can be done by SIS. We can integrate SIS into Systems thinking Personal mastery Knowledge of mental models Building shared vision Team leading There are three overlapping phases of SIS. They are: 8.1 DIAGNOSIS: Initially, the problem should be identified and analyzed. This can help to change problems, develop a perspective and spell out the purposes of change. The diagnosis process initially starts with ‘entry by recognizing the change. This is followed by description process that gives the structure and other views on the change. The objectives and the constraints are identified that helps to formulate measures for the objectives. 8.2 DESIGN: Different methods are suggested to solve the problems and new methods are explored. A range of options can be generated and the models can be selected accordingly. 8.3 IMPLEMENTATION: The change can be carried out by developing the tactics for bringing out the desired change. These options are evaluated against the measures by designing the implementation strategy by carrying through the planned changes. DIAGNOSIS IMPLEMENTATION DESIGN Fig. 2.0 represents the three overlapping phases of SIS. Source: For example, taking my organizational experience where we had the problem of completing the projects on time. Thus, our manager first recognized the root-cause for delayed project completion. Then the reason was analyzed by getting other employees point of view by arranging for some special meetings to resolve the issue. He also conducted some surveys to find proper measure for the problem. Logical thinking and rationalistic view can give a right solution for the problem solving in the organization which was done by our manager. Then, the proper measures like giving incentives, improved employee facilitation will be given to the employees who finish their job on-time, were been formulated by him. He also had different options like improving the pantry facilities, parking facilities and other dress-code were been suggested to us. Where we were allowed to choose the best option that can be exhibited completely. Then finally, the results were evaluated and they are implemented. This was then carried out successfully in our organization. 9.0 CONCLUSION: Any kind of organizational problems can be solved by rational thinking and strategical planning. This can also be supplemented with certain types of model or theory implementation. Analyzing and identifying the root-cause of the problem helps in clear decision-making. Thus, proper detection of the problem paves way for proper solution for that problem in an organization.

The Feel Good Hormone Essays -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Nature's Own: The Feel Good Hormone Sex feels good, that is why people do it for more than simply procreation. Laughing is enjoyable, for that reason people search for things that amuse them. Touch is pleasing, therefore the massage business thrives. These things can become addictive due to the pleasurable effect that they produce. People have been exercising obsessively for a long time but only recently was an idea postulated as an explanation. Laughter often begets laughter and in large doses, has the ability to make one feel high. We do what makes us feel good; human beings are naturally pleasure seekers. It is said that with drugs your first high is the best and never able to be duplicated. What keeps people using drugs, despite the downfalls associated with use, is that eternal quest for that ethereal feeling that they experienced the very first time. Pleasurable activities, like exercising, sex, laughter, touch, etc. can all become dangerously addictive. Some people will do anything and everything for 'that fix". So what is it that makes people search for the next high, or feel good experience? Exercise, sex, laughter, and touch all produce positive effects within the body via chemicals in the brain. These chemicals are called endorphins, a mixture of the two words endogenous, meaning from within the body, and morphine, a powerful pain fighting drug that is also used and abused for recreational purposes. Endorphins are the body's internal pain regulators. The drug opium has been used recreationally as early in the ancient Greek, Roman, and Egyptian cultures. British physician, Thomas Syndenham brought opium to the public to be used for medicinal purposes around sixteen-eighty. By the end of the seventeen-twenties o... ...ing the individual's delicate, natural balance needed for survival. WWW Sources 1)Heroin http://weber.u.washington.edu/~chudler/hero.html 2) The Discovery of Endorphins http://www.methadone.org/discover.html 3)Endorphin, http://sun.hallym.ac.kr/~neuro/kns/tutor/medical/endo.html 4)Endorphin http://sun.hallym.ac.kr/~neuro/kns/tutor/medical/endo.html 5)Endorphin http://sun.hallym.ac.kr/~neuro/kns/tutor/medical/endo.html 6)Endrophine http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web3/1 7)Endorphin http://sun.hallym.ac.kr/~neuro/kns/tutor/medical/endo.html 8)Natural Power of Endorphins http://www.biotech-usa.com/endorp.htm 9)How Endorphins Work for You http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web3/1 10)How Endorphins Work for You http://parenting.ivillage.com/ 11)Chile Peppers http://parenting.ivillage.com/

Analysis of Hemmingway Quote Essay

The fictional novel by Mark Twain titled, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is credited by many well-respected authors as one of, if not, the best books ever written. One of these prestigious authors, Ernest Hemingway says â€Å"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since† (Lombardi 1). Hemmingway is right and agreeable in what he means by this statement. He makes it known that any literature that shares the same theme or style is modern and a descendant from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Hemmingway makes it evident that he believes Mark Twain’s book to be great and incomparable. The language used in the book at the time was a shock to culture. Many were not prepared for the common speech element illustrated throughout the novel. When Hemmingway says â€Å"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn†, he means just that. He is essentially saying that no book or author reached such heights before and that any author after the publishing received their courage by the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The central themes throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn focus on the hypocrisy and racism present in society at the time. In the twentieth century, more American novels, fiction and nonfiction, began focusing more on these themes and exposing what everyone already knew but very seldom wrote about. Authors broke away from the traditional aesthetic styles of writing and began sharing similar styles of Novels such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Illustrative and informal styles of writing seemed to be more popular amongst authors and readers alike. Through this, it is evident that American novels in the twentieth century descend from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn through the styles of which written and themes throughout. After the publication of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Modernist literature began to be seen more. Modern literature is the style of writing, breaking away or modifying traditional beliefs in conformity with modern ideas. Novels that were once written about moving from one piece of land to another were eventually evolving into stories written about the realities of slavery and harshness of society, ultimately leading to modern war novels. In Hemmingway’s quote, it is his strong belief that any and every modern American novel, written with modernist ideas, stems from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Ernest Hemmingway said it best when he said â€Å"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since† (Lombardi 1). He emphasized that there was no literature at the level of The Adventures of Hucklberry Finn and that any literature nearing, was a descendant of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. After many readers and authors read the book, other modern books began sharing similar themes and styles of writing. Themes that focused on hypocrisy and racism in society were now not taboo subject’s to write about. Informal and illustrative styles of writing were now being used in the modern American novels. A modern American novel, like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is literature that breaks away from traditional styles, in accordance with modern ideas. Hemmingway was easy to agree with in what he believed and given the effect that the book had on society, he was right.

Net Sec

1. Name at least five applications and tools pre-loaded on the TargetWindows01 server desktop, and identify whether that application starts as a service on the system or must be run manually. WINDOWS APPLICATION LOADEDSTARTS AS SERVICE Y/N 1. tftpd32 Starts as a service 2. FileZilla Server Interface- The interface does not start as a service and must be ran manually 3. Wireshark – Does not start as a service and must be ran manually 4. Nessus Server Manager – Does not start as a service and must be ran manually 5. NetWitness Investigator – Does not start as a service and must be ran manually 2.What was the allocated source IP host address for the TargetWindows01 server, TargetUbuntu01 server, and the IP default gateway router? TagetWindows01 Server- Source IP = 172. 30. 0. 8 TargetUbuntu01 Server – Source IP = 172. 30. 0. 4 TargetUbuntu02 Server – Source IP = 172. 30. 0. 9 The Default Gateway IP is = 172. 30. 0. 1 3. Did the targeted IP hosts respon d to the ICMP echo-request packet with an ICMP echo-reply packet when you initiated the â€Å"ping† command at your DOS prompt? If yes, how many ICMP echo-request packets were sent back to the IP source? Yes, the targeted IP host responded back with 4 echo-replies. 4.If you ping the TargetWindows01 server and the UbuntuTarget01 server, which fields in the ICMP echo-request/echo-replies vary? The fields that vary is the Time To Live (TTL) fields. For the TargetUbuntu01 it's 64 and the TargetWindows01 is 128. 5. What is the command line syntax for running an â€Å"Intense Scan† with Zenmap on a target subnet of 172. 30. 0. 0/24? The syntax for an Intense Scan in Zenmap is as followed: nmap -T4 -A -v -PE -PS22,25,80 -PA21,23,80,3389 172. 30. 0. 0/24 6. Name at least five different scans that may be performed from the Zenmap GUI. Document under what circumstances you would choose to run those particular scans.Intense Scan-Provides a very detailed information about ports an d protocols, Operating Systems, and Mac Addresses Internse Scan, all TCP ports – Provide intense scan on all tcp ports 1-65535. Ping Scan-Provide basic information about availability and MAC addresses Quick Scan- Provides a fast scan limiting the number of TCP ports scanned only the top 100 most common TCP ports Regular Scan-This is the default scan by issuing TCP SYN scans for the most common 1000 TCP ports using pings for host detection. 7. How many different tests (i. e. , scripts) did your â€Å"Intense Scan† definition perform?List them all after reviewing the scan report. The Intense Scan initiated 36 Scripts. The scripts can be found at http://nmap. org/nsedoc/ 8. Describe what each of these tests or scripts performs within the Zenmap GUI (Nmap) scan report. Below are each of the 36 scripts and a description of each, derived from http://nmap. org/nsedoc/. acarsd-info Retrieves information from a listening acarsd daemon. Acarsd decodes ACARS (Aircraft Communicati on Addressing and Reporting System) data in real time. The information retrieved by this script includes the daemon version, API version, administrator e-mail address and listening frequency. ddress-info Shows extra information about IPv6 addresses, such as embedded MAC or IPv4 addresses when available. afp-brute Performs password guessing against Apple Filing Protocol (AFP). afp-ls Attempts to get useful information about files from AFP volumes. The output is intended to resemble the output of ls. afp-path-vuln Detects the Mac OS X AFP directory traversal vulnerability, CVE-2010-0533. afp-serverinfo Shows AFP server information. This information includes the server's hostname, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, and hardware type (for example Macmini or MacBookPro). fp-showmount Shows AFP shares and ACLs. ajp-auth Retrieves the authentication scheme and realm of an AJP service (Apache JServ Protocol) that requires authentication. ajp-brute Performs brute force passwords auditing against the A pache JServ protocol. The Apache JServ Protocol is commonly used by web servers to communicate with back-end Java application server containers. ajp-headers Performs a HEAD or GET request against either the root directory or any optional directory of an Apache JServ Protocol server and returns the server response headers. ajp-methodsDiscovers which options are supported by the AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) server by sending an OPTIONS request and lists potentially risky methods. ajp-request Requests a URI over the Apache JServ Protocol and displays the result (or stores it in a file). Different AJP methods such as; GET, HEAD, TRACE, PUT or DELETE may be used. amqp-info Gathers information (a list of all server properties) from an AMQP (advanced message queuing protocol) server. asn-query Maps IP addresses to autonomous system (AS) numbers. auth-owners Attempts to find the owner of an open TCP port by querying an auth daemon which must also be open on the target system.The auth service , also known as identd, normally runs on port 113. auth-spoof Checks for an identd (auth) server which is spoofing its replies. backorifice-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the BackOrifice service. The backorifice-brute. ports script argument is mandatory (it specifies ports to run the script against). backorifice-info Connects to a BackOrifice service and gathers information about the host and the BackOrifice service itself. banner A simple banner grabber which connects to an open TCP port and prints out anything sent by the listening service within five seconds. bitcoin-getaddrQueries a Bitcoin server for a list of known Bitcoin nodes bitcoin-info Extracts version and node information from a Bitcoin server bitcoinrpc-info Obtains information from a Bitcoin server by calling getinfo on its JSON-RPC interface. bittorrent-discovery Discovers bittorrent peers sharing a file based on a user-supplied torrent file or magnet link. Peers implement the Bittorrent protoco l and share the torrent, whereas the nodes (only shown if the include-nodes NSE argument is given) implement the DHT protocol and are used to track the peers. The sets of peers and nodes are not the same, but they usually intersect. bjnp-discoverRetrieves printer or scanner information from a remote device supporting the BJNP protocol. The protocol is known to be supported by network based Canon devices. broadcast-ataoe-discover Discovers servers supporting the ATA over Ethernet protocol. ATA over Ethernet is an ethernet protocol developed by the Brantley Coile Company and allows for simple, high-performance access to SATA drives over Ethernet. broadcast-avahi-dos Attempts to discover hosts in the local network using the DNS Service Discovery protocol and sends a NULL UDP packet to each host to test if it is vulnerable to the Avahi NULL UDP packet denial of service (CVE-2011-1002). roadcast-bjnp-discover Attempts to discover Canon devices (Printers/Scanners) supporting the BJNP prot ocol by sending BJNP Discover requests to the network broadcast address for both ports associated with the protocol. broadcast-db2-discover Attempts to discover DB2 servers on the network by sending a broadcast request to port 523/udp. broadcast-dhcp-discover Sends a DHCP request to the broadcast address (255. 255. 255. 255) and reports the results. The script uses a static MAC address (DE:AD:CO:DE:CA:FE) while doing so in order to prevent scope exhaustion. broadcast-dhcp6-discoverSends a DHCPv6 request (Solicit) to the DHCPv6 multicast address, parses the response, then extracts and prints the address along with any options returned by the server. broadcast-dns-service-discovery Attempts to discover hosts' services using the DNS Service Discovery protocol. It sends a multicast DNS-SD query and collects all the responses. broadcast-dropbox-listener Listens for the LAN sync information broadcasts that the Dropbox. com client broadcasts every 20 seconds, then prints all the discovered client IP addresses, port numbers, version numbers, display names, and more. broadcast-eigrp-discoveryPerforms network discovery and routing information gathering through Cisco's Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). broadcast-igmp-discovery Discovers targets that have IGMP Multicast memberships and grabs interesting information. broadcast-listener Sniffs the network for incoming broadcast communication and attempts to decode the received packets. It supports protocols like CDP, HSRP, Spotify, DropBox, DHCP, ARP and a few more. See packetdecoders. lua for more information. broadcast-ms-sql-discover Discovers Microsoft SQL servers in the same broadcast domain. broadcast-netbios-master-browserAttempts to discover master browsers and the domains they manage. broadcast-networker-discover Discovers EMC Networker backup software servers on a LAN by sending a network broadcast query. broadcast-novell-locate Attempts to use the Service Location Protocol to discover Novell Net Ware Core Protocol (NCP) servers. broadcast-pc-anywhere Sends a special broadcast probe to discover PC-Anywhere hosts running on a LAN. broadcast-pc-duo Discovers PC-DUO remote control hosts and gateways running on a LAN by sending a special broadcast UDP probe. broadcast-pim-discovery Discovers routers that are running PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast). roadcast-ping Sends broadcast pings on a selected interface using raw ethernet packets and outputs the responding hosts' IP and MAC addresses or (if requested) adds them as targets. Root privileges on UNIX are required to run this script since it uses raw sockets. Most operating systems don't respond to broadcast-ping probes, but they can be configured to do so. broadcast-pppoe-discover Discovers PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) servers using the PPPoE Discovery protocol (PPPoED). PPPoE is an ethernet based protocol so the script has to know what ethernet interface to use for discovery.If no interface is specified, r equests are sent out on all available interfaces. broadcast-rip-discover Discovers hosts and routing information from devices running RIPv2 on the LAN. It does so by sending a RIPv2 Request command and collects the responses from all devices responding to the request. broadcast-ripng-discover Discovers hosts and routing information from devices running RIPng on the LAN by sending a broadcast RIPng Request command and collecting any responses. broadcast-sybase-asa-discover Discovers Sybase Anywhere servers on the LAN by sending broadcast discovery messages. broadcast-tellstick-discoverDiscovers Telldus Technologies TellStickNet devices on the LAN. The Telldus TellStick is used to wirelessly control electric devices such as lights, dimmers and electric outlets. For more information: http://www. telldus. com/ broadcast-upnp-info Attempts to extract system information from the UPnP service by sending a multicast query, then collecting, parsing, and displaying all responses. broadcast-ve rsant-locate Discovers Versant object databases using the broadcast srvloc protocol. broadcast-wake-on-lan Wakes a remote system up from sleep by sending a Wake-On-Lan packet. broadcast-wpad-discoverRetrieves a list of proxy servers on a LAN using the Web Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol (WPAD). It implements both the DHCP and DNS methods of doing so and starts by querying DHCP to get the address. DHCP discovery requires nmap to be running in privileged mode and will be skipped when this is not the case. DNS discovery relies on the script being able to resolve the local domain either through a script argument or by attempting to reverse resolve the local IP. broadcast-wsdd-discover Uses a multicast query to discover devices supporting the Web Services Dynamic Discovery (WS-Discovery) protocol.It also attempts to locate any published Windows Communication Framework (WCF) web services (. NET 4. 0 or later). broadcast-xdmcp-discover Discovers servers running the X Display Manager Control P rotocol (XDMCP) by sending a XDMCP broadcast request to the LAN. Display managers allowing access are marked using the keyword Willing in the result. cassandra-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the Cassandra database. cassandra-info Attempts to get basic info and server status from a Cassandra database. cccam-version Detects the CCcam service (software for sharing subscription TV among multiple receivers). itrix-brute-xml Attempts to guess valid credentials for the Citrix PN Web Agent XML Service. The XML service authenticates against the local Windows server or the Active Directory. citrix-enum-apps Extracts a list of published applications from the ICA Browser service. citrix-enum-apps-xml Extracts a list of applications, ACLs, and settings from the Citrix XML service. citrix-enum-servers Extracts a list of Citrix servers from the ICA Browser service. citrix-enum-servers-xml Extracts the name of the server farm and member servers from Citrix XML service. couchdb -databases Gets database tables from a CouchDB database. ouchdb-stats Gets database statistics from a CouchDB database. creds-summary Lists all discovered credentials (e. g. from brute force and default password checking scripts) at end of scan. cups-info Lists printers managed by the CUPS printing service. cups-queue-info Lists currently queued print jobs of the remote CUPS service grouped by printer. cvs-brute Performs brute force password auditing against CVS pserver authentication. cvs-brute-repository Attempts to guess the name of the CVS repositories hosted on the remote server. With knowledge of the correct repository name, usernames and passwords can be guessed. aap-get-library Retrieves a list of music from a DAAP server. The list includes artist names and album and song titles. daytime Retrieves the day and time from the Daytime service. db2-das-info Connects to the IBM DB2 Administration Server (DAS) on TCP or UDP port 523 and exports the server profile. No authentication is required for this request. db2-discover Attempts to discover DB2 servers on the network by querying open ibm-db2 UDP ports (normally port 523). dhcp-discover Sends a DHCPINFORM request to a host on UDP port 67 to obtain all the local configuration parameters without allocating a new address. ict-info Connects to a dictionary server using the DICT protocol, runs the SHOW SERVER command, and displays the result. The DICT protocol is defined in RFC 2229 and is a protocol which allows a client to query a dictionary server for definitions from a set of natural language dictionary databases. distcc-cve2004-2687 Detects and exploits a remote code execution vulnerability in the distributed compiler daemon distcc. The vulnerability was disclosed in 2002, but is still present in modern implementation due to poor configuration of the service. dns-blacklistChecks target IP addresses against multiple DNS anti-spam and open proxy blacklists and returns a list of services for which an IP has b een flagged. Checks may be limited by service category (eg: SPAM, PROXY) or to a specific service name. dns-brute Attempts to enumerate DNS hostnames by brute force guessing of common subdomains. dns-cache-snoop Performs DNS cache snooping against a DNS server. dns-check-zone Checks DNS zone configuration against best practices, including RFC 1912. The configuration checks are divided into categories which each have a number of different tests. dns-client-subnet-scanPerforms a domain lookup using the edns-client-subnet option which allows clients to specify the subnet that queries supposedly originate from. The script uses this option to supply a number of geographically distributed locations in an attempt to enumerate as many different address records as possible. The script also supports requests using a given subnet. dns-fuzz Launches a DNS fuzzing attack against DNS servers. dns-ip6-arpa-scan Performs a quick reverse DNS lookup of an IPv6 network using a technique which analyzes DNS server response codes to dramatically reduce the number of queries needed to enumerate large networks. ns-nsec-enum Enumerates DNS names using the DNSSEC NSEC-walking technique. dns-nsec3-enum Tries to enumerate domain names from the DNS server that supports DNSSEC NSEC3 records. dns-nsid Retrieves information from a DNS nameserver by requesting its nameserver ID (nsid) and asking for its id. server and version. bind values. This script performs the same queries as the following two dig commands: – dig CH TXT bind. version @target – dig +nsid CH TXT id. server @target dns-random-srcport Checks a DNS server for the predictable-port recursion vulnerability.Predictable source ports can make a DNS server vulnerable to cache poisoning attacks (see CVE-2008-1447). dns-random-txid Checks a DNS server for the predictable-TXID DNS recursion vulnerability. Predictable TXID values can make a DNS server vulnerable to cache poisoning attacks (see CVE-2008-1447). dns-recursion Checks if a DNS server allows queries for third-party names. It is expected that recursion will be enabled on your own internal nameservers. dns-service-discovery Attempts to discover target hosts' services using the DNS Service Discovery protocol. dns-srv-enum Enumerates various common service (SRV) records for a given domain name.The service records contain the hostname, port and priority of servers for a given service. The following services are enumerated by the script: – Active Directory Global Catalog – Exchange Autodiscovery – Kerberos KDC Service – Kerberos Passwd Change Service – LDAP Servers – SIP Servers – XMPP S2S – XMPP C2S dns-update Attempts to perform a dynamic DNS update without authentication. dns-zeustracker Checks if the target IP range is part of a Zeus botnet by querying ZTDNS @ abuse. ch. Please review the following information before you start to scan: https://zeustracker. abuse. ch/ztdns. php dns-zone-t ransferRequests a zone transfer (AXFR) from a DNS server. domcon-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the Lotus Domino Console. domcon-cmd Runs a console command on the Lotus Domino Console using the given authentication credentials (see also: domcon-brute) domino-enum-users Attempts to discover valid IBM Lotus Domino users and download their ID files by exploiting the CVE-2006-5835 vulnerability. dpap-brute Performs brute force password auditing against an iPhoto Library. drda-brute Performs password guessing against databases supporting the IBM DB2 protocol such as Informix, DB2 and Derby drda-infoAttempts to extract information from database servers supporting the DRDA protocol. The script sends a DRDA EXCSAT (exchange server attributes) command packet and parses the response. duplicates Attempts to discover multihomed systems by analysing and comparing information collected by other scripts. The information analyzed currently includes, SSL certificates, SSH host keys, MAC addresses, and Netbios server names. eap-info Enumerates the authentication methods offered by an EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) authenticator for a given identity or for the anonymous identity if no argument is passed. pmd-info Connects to Erlang Port Mapper Daemon (epmd) and retrieves a list of nodes with their respective port numbers. eppc-enum-processes Attempts to enumerate process info over the Apple Remote Event protocol. When accessing an application over the Apple Remote Event protocol the service responds with the uid and pid of the application, if it is running, prior to requesting authentication. finger Attempts to retrieve a list of usernames using the finger service. firewalk Tries to discover firewall rules using an IP TTL expiration technique known as firewalking. firewall-bypassDetects a vulnerability in netfilter and other firewalls that use helpers to dynamically open ports for protocols such as ftp and sip. flume-master-info Retrieves informat ion from Flume master HTTP pages. ftp-anon Checks if an FTP server allows anonymous logins. ftp-bounce Checks to see if an FTP server allows port scanning using the FTP bounce method. ftp-brute Performs brute force password auditing against FTP servers. ftp-libopie Checks if an FTPd is prone to CVE-2010-1938 (OPIE off-by-one stack overflow), a vulnerability discovered by Maksymilian Arciemowicz and Adam â€Å"pi3† Zabrocki. See the advisory at http://nmap. rg/r/fbsd-sa-opie. Be advised that, if launched against a vulnerable host, this script will crash the FTPd. ftp-proftpd-backdoor Tests for the presence of the ProFTPD 1. 3. 3c backdoor reported as OSVDB-ID 69562. This script attempts to exploit the backdoor using the innocuous id command by default, but that can be changed with the ftp-proftpd-backdoor. cmd script argument. ftp-vsftpd-backdoor Tests for the presence of the vsFTPd 2. 3. 4 backdoor reported on 2011-07-04 (CVE-2011-2523). This script attempts to exploit the ba ckdoor using the innocuous id command by default, but that can be changed with the exploit. md or ftp-vsftpd-backdoor. cmd script arguments. ftp-vuln-cve2010-4221 Checks for a stack-based buffer overflow in the ProFTPD server, version between 1. 3. 2rc3 and 1. 3. 3b. By sending a large number of TELNET_IAC escape sequence, the proftpd process miscalculates the buffer length, and a remote attacker will be able to corrupt the stack and execute arbitrary code within the context of the proftpd process (CVE-2010-4221). Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. ganglia-info Retrieves system information (OS version, available memory, etc. from a listening Ganglia Monitoring Daemon or Ganglia Meta Daemon. giop-info Queries a CORBA naming server for a list of objects. gkrellm-info Queries a GKRellM service for monitoring information. A single round of collection is made, showing a snapshot of information at the time of the request. gopher-ls Lists files and directories at the root of a gopher service. gpsd-info Retrieves GPS time, coordinates and speed from the GPSD network daemon. hadoop-datanode-info Discovers information such as log directories from an Apache Hadoop DataNode HTTP status page. hadoop-jobtracker-infoRetrieves information from an Apache Hadoop JobTracker HTTP status page. hadoop-namenode-info Retrieves information from an Apache Hadoop NameNode HTTP status page. hadoop-secondary-namenode-info Retrieves information from an Apache Hadoop secondary NameNode HTTP status page. hadoop-tasktracker-info Retrieves information from an Apache Hadoop TaskTracker HTTP status page. hbase-master-info Retrieves information from an Apache HBase (Hadoop database) master HTTP status page. hbase-region-info Retrieves information from an Apache HBase (Hadoop database) region server HTTP status page. hddtemp-infoReads hard disk information (such as brand, model, and sometimes temperature) from a listening hddtemp service. hostmap-bfk Discovers hostnames that resolve to the target's IP address by querying the online database at http://www. bfk. de/bfk_dnslogger. html. hostmap-robtex Discovers hostnames that resolve to the target's IP address by querying the online Robtex service at http://ip. robtex. com/. http-affiliate-id Grabs affiliate network IDs (e. g. Google AdSense or Analytics, Amazon Associates, etc. ) from a web page. These can be used to identify pages with the same owner. http-apache-negotiationChecks if the target http server has mod_negotiation enabled. This feature can be leveraged to find hidden resources and spider a web site using fewer requests. http-auth Retrieves the authentication scheme and realm of a web service that requires authentication. http-auth-finder Spiders a web site to find web pages requiring form-based or HTTP-based authentication. The results are returned in a table with each url and the detected method. http-awstatstotals-exec Exploits a remote code execution vulnerability in Awstats Totals 1. 0 up to 1. 14 and possibly other products based on it (CVE: 2008-3922). ttp-axis2-dir-traversal Exploits a directory traversal vulnerability in Apache Axis2 version 1. 4. 1 by sending a specially crafted request to the parameter xsd (OSVDB-59001). By default it will try to retrieve the configuration file of the Axis2 service ‘/conf/axis2. xml' using the path ‘/axis2/services/' to return the username and password of the admin account. http-backup-finder Spiders a website and attempts to identify backup copies of discovered files. It does so by requesting a number of different combinations of the filename (eg. index. bak, index. html~, copy of index. html). http-barracuda-dir-traversalAttempts to retrieve the configuration settings from a Barracuda Networks Spam & Virus Firewall device using the directory traversal vulnerability described at http://seclists. org/fulldisclosure/2010/Oct/119. http-brute Performs brute force password auditing against http basic authenticatio n. http-cakephp-version Obtains the CakePHP version of a web application built with the CakePHP framework by fingerprinting default files shipped with the CakePHP framework. http-chrono Measures the time a website takes to deliver a web page and returns the maximum, minimum and average time it took to fetch a page. ttp-config-backup Checks for backups and swap files of common content management system and web server configuration files. http-cors Tests an http server for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS), a way for domains to explicitly opt in to having certain methods invoked by another domain. http-date Gets the date from HTTP-like services. Also prints how much the date differs from local time. Local time is the time the HTTP request was sent, so the difference includes at least the duration of one RTT. http-default-accounts Tests for access with default credentials used by a variety of web applications and devices. ttp-domino-enum-passwords Attempts to enumerate the hashed Do mino Internet Passwords that are (by default) accessible by all authenticated users. This script can also download any Domino ID Files attached to the Person document. http-drupal-enum-users Enumerates Drupal users by exploiting a an information disclosure vulnerability in Views, Drupal's most popular module. http-drupal-modules Enumerates the installed Drupal modules by using a list of known modules. http-email-harvest Spiders a web site and collects e-mail addresses. http-enum Enumerates directories used by popular web applications and servers. ttp-exif-spider Spiders a site's images looking for interesting exif data embedded in . jpg files. Displays the make and model of the camera, the date the photo was taken, and the embedded geotag information. http-favicon Gets the favicon (â€Å"favorites icon†) from a web page and matches it against a database of the icons of known web applications. If there is a match, the name of the application is printed; otherwise the MD5 hash of the icon data is printed. http-form-brute Performs brute force password auditing against http form-based authentication. http-form-fuzzerPerforms a simple form fuzzing against forms found on websites. Tries strings and numbers of increasing length and attempts to determine if the fuzzing was successful. http-frontpage-login Checks whether target machines are vulnerable to anonymous Frontpage login. http-generator Displays the contents of the â€Å"generator† meta tag of a web page (default: /) if there is one. http-git Checks for a Git repository found in a website's document root /. git/) and retrieves as much repo information as possible, including language/framework, remotes, last commit message, and repository description. http-gitweb-projects-enumRetrieves a list of Git projects, owners and descriptions from a gitweb (web interface to the Git revision control system). http-google-malware Checks if hosts are on Google's blacklist of suspected malware and phishing serve rs. These lists are constantly updated and are part of Google's Safe Browsing service. http-grep Spiders a website and attempts to match all pages and urls against a given string. Matches are counted and grouped per url under which they were discovered. http-headers Performs a HEAD request for the root folder (â€Å"/†) of a web server and displays the HTTP headers returned. http-huawei-hg5xx-vulnDetects Huawei modems models HG530x, HG520x, HG510x (and possibly others†¦ ) vulnerable to a remote credential and information disclosure vulnerability. It also extracts the PPPoE credentials and other interesting configuration values. http-icloud-findmyiphone Retrieves the locations of all â€Å"Find my iPhone† enabled iOS devices by querying the MobileMe web service (authentication required). http-icloud-sendmsg Sends a message to a iOS device through the Apple MobileMe web service. The device has to be registered with an Apple ID using the Find My Iphone application. h ttp-iis-webdav-vuln Checks for a vulnerability in IIS 5. /6. 0 that allows arbitrary users to access secured WebDAV folders by searching for a password-protected folder and attempting to access it. This vulnerability was patched in Microsoft Security Bulletin MS09-020, http://nmap. org/r/ms09-020. http-joomla-brute Performs brute force password auditing against Joomla web CMS installations. http-litespeed-sourcecode-download Exploits a null-byte poisoning vulnerability in Litespeed Web Servers 4. 0. x before 4. 0. 15 to retrieve the target script's source code by sending a HTTP request with a null byte followed by a . txt file extension (CVE-2010-2333). ttp-majordomo2-dir-traversal Exploits a directory traversal vulnerability existing in Majordomo2 to retrieve remote files. (CVE-2011-0049). http-malware-host Looks for signature of known server compromises. http-method-tamper Attempts to bypass password protected resources (HTTP 401 status) by performing HTTP verb tampering. If an ar ray of paths to check is not set, it will crawl the web server and perform the check against any password protected resource that it finds. http-methods Finds out what options are supported by an HTTP server by sending an OPTIONS request. Lists potentially risky methods.Optionally tests each method individually to see if they are subject to e. g. IP address restrictions. http-open-proxy Checks if an HTTP proxy is open. http-open-redirect Spiders a website and attempts to identify open redirects. Open redirects are handlers which commonly take a URL as a parameter and responds with a http redirect (3XX) to the target. Risks of open redirects are described at http://cwe. mitre. org/data/definitions/601. html. http-passwd Checks if a web server is vulnerable to directory traversal by attempting to retrieve /etc/passwd or oot. ini. http-php-version Attempts to retrieve the PHP version from a web server.PHP has a number of magic queries that return images or text that can vary with the PHP version. This script uses the following queries: /? =PHPE9568F36-D428-11d2-A769-00AA001ACF42: gets a GIF logo, which changes on April Fool's Day. /? =PHPB8B5F2A0-3C92-11d3-A3A9-4C7B08C10000: gets an HTML credits page. http-phpself-xss Crawls a web server and attempts to find PHP files vulnerable to reflected cross site scripting via the variable $_SERVER[â€Å"PHP_SELF†]. http-proxy-brute Performs brute force password guessing against HTTP proxy servers. http-put Uploads a local file to a remote web server using the HTTP PUT method.You must specify the filename and URL path with NSE arguments. http-qnap-nas-info Attempts to retrieve the model, firmware version, and enabled services from a QNAP Network Attached Storage (NAS) device. http-rfi-spider Crawls webservers in search of RFI (remote file inclusion) vulnerabilities. It tests every form field it finds and every parameter of a URL containing a query. http-robots. txt Checks for disallowed entries in /robots. txt on a web server. http-robtex-reverse-ip Obtains up to 100 forward DNS names for a target IP address by querying the Robtex service (http://www. robtex. com/ip/). http-robtex-shared-nsFinds up to 100 domain names which use the same name server as the target by querying the Robtex service at http://www. robtex. com/dns/. http-sitemap-generator Spiders a web server and displays its directory structure along with number and types of files in each folder. Note that files listed as having an ‘Other' extension are ones that have no extension or that are a root document. http-slowloris Tests a web server for vulnerability to the Slowloris DoS attack by launching a Slowloris attack. http-slowloris-check Tests a web server for vulnerability to the Slowloris DoS attack without actually launching a DoS attack. ttp-sql-injection Spiders an HTTP server looking for URLs containing queries vulnerable to an SQL injection attack. It also extracts forms from found websites and tries to identify field s that are vulnerable. http-title Shows the title of the default page of a web server. http-tplink-dir-traversal Exploits a directory traversal vulnerability existing in several TP-Link wireless routers. Attackers may exploit this vulnerability to read any of the configuration and password files remotely and without authentication. http-trace Sends an HTTP TRACE request and shows if the method TRACE is enabled.If debug is enabled, it returns the header fields that were modified in the response. http-traceroute Exploits the Max-Forwards HTTP header to detect the presence of reverse proxies. http-unsafe-output-escaping Spiders a website and attempts to identify output escaping problems where content is reflected back to the user. This script locates all parameters, ? x=foo&y=bar and checks if the values are reflected on the page. If they are indeed reflected, the script will try to insert ghz>hzx†zxc'xcv and check which (if any) characters were reflected back onto the page witho ut proper html escaping.This is an indication of potential XSS vulnerability. http-userdir-enum Attempts to enumerate valid usernames on web servers running with the mod_userdir module or similar enabled. http-vhosts Searches for web virtual hostnames by making a large number of HEAD requests against http servers using common hostnames. http-virustotal Checks whether a file has been determined as malware by Virustotal. Virustotal is a service that provides the capability to scan a file or check a checksum against a number of the major antivirus vendors.The script uses the public API which requires a valid API key and has a limit on 4 queries per minute. A key can be acquired by registering as a user on the virustotal web page: http://www. virustotal. com http-vlcstreamer-ls Connects to a VLC Streamer helper service and lists directory contents. The VLC Streamer helper service is used by the iOS VLC Streamer application to enable streaming of multimedia content from the remote server to the device. http-vmware-path-vuln Checks for a path-traversal vulnerability in VMWare ESX, ESXi, and Server (CVE-2009-3733). http-vuln-cve2009-3960Exploits cve-2009-3960 also known as Adobe XML External Entity Injection. http-vuln-cve2010-0738 Tests whether a JBoss target is vulnerable to jmx console authentication bypass (CVE-2010-0738). http-vuln-cve2010-2861 Executes a directory traversal attack against a ColdFusion server and tries to grab the password hash for the administrator user. It then uses the salt value (hidden in the web page) to create the SHA1 HMAC hash that the web server needs for authentication as admin. You can pass this value to the ColdFusion server as the admin without cracking the password hash. ttp-vuln-cve2011-3192 Detects a denial of service vulnerability in the way the Apache web server handles requests for multiple overlapping/simple ranges of a page. http-vuln-cve2011-3368 Tests for the CVE-2011-3368 (Reverse Proxy Bypass) vulnerability in Apache HT TP server's reverse proxy mode. The script will run 3 tests: o the loopback test, with 3 payloads to handle different rewrite rules o the internal hosts test. According to Contextis, we expect a delay before a server error. o The external website test. This does not mean that you can reach a LAN ip, but this is a relevant issue anyway. ttp-vuln-cve2012-1823 Detects PHP-CGI installations that are vulnerable to CVE-2012-1823, This critical vulnerability allows attackers to retrieve source code and execute code remotely. http-waf-detect Attempts to determine whether a web server is protected by an IPS (Intrusion Prevention System), IDS (Intrusion Detection System) or WAF (Web Application Firewall) by probing the web server with malicious payloads and detecting changes in the response code and body. http-waf-fingerprint Tries to detect the presence of a web application firewall and its type and version. http-wordpress-brute erforms brute force password auditing against WordPress CMS/blo g installations. http-wordpress-enum Enumerates usernames in WordPress blog/CMS installations by exploiting an information disclosure vulnerability existing in versions 2. 6, 3. 1, 3. 1. 1, 3. 1. 3 and 3. 2-beta2 and possibly others. http-wordpress-plugins Tries to obtain a list of installed WordPress plugins by brute force testing for known plugins. iax2-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the Asterisk IAX2 protocol. Guessing fails when a large number of attempts is made due to the maxcallnumber limit (default 2048).In case your getting â€Å"ERROR: Too many retries, aborted †¦ † after a while, this is most likely what's happening. In order to avoid this problem try: – reducing the size of your dictionary – use the brute delay option to introduce a delay between guesses – split the guessing up in chunks and wait for a while between them iax2-version Detects the UDP IAX2 service. icap-info Tests a list of known ICAP service names and prints information about any it detects. The Internet Content Adaptation Protocol (ICAP) is used to extend transparent proxy servers and is generally used for content filtering and antivirus scanning. ke-version Get information from an IKE service. Tests the service with both Main and Aggressive Mode. Sends multiple transforms in a single request, so currently, only four packets are sent to the host. imap-brute Performs brute force password auditing against IMAP servers using either LOGIN, PLAIN, CRAM-MD5, DIGEST-MD5 or NTLM authentication. imap-capabilities Retrieves IMAP email server capabilities. informix-brute Performs brute force password auditing against IBM Informix Dynamic Server. informix-query Runs a query against IBM Informix Dynamic Server using the given authentication credentials (see also: informix-brute). nformix-tables Retrieves a list of tables and column definitions for each database on an Informix server. ip-forwarding Detects whether the remote device has ip fo rwarding or â€Å"Internet connection sharing† enabled, by sending an ICMP echo request to a given target using the scanned host as default gateway. ip-geolocation-geobytes Tries to identify the physical location of an IP address using the Geobytes geolocation web service (http://www. geobytes. com/iplocator. htm). The limit of lookups using this service is 20 requests per hour. Once the limit is reached, an nmap. registry[â€Å"ip-geolocation-geobytes†]. blocked oolean is set so no further requests are made during a scan. ip-geolocation-geoplugin Tries to identify the physical location of an IP address using the Geoplugin geolocation web service (http://www. geoplugin. com/). There is no limit on lookups using this service. ip-geolocation-ipinfodb Tries to identify the physical location of an IP address using the IPInfoDB geolocation web service (http://ipinfodb. com/ip_location_api. php). ip-geolocation-maxmind Tries to identify the physical location of an IP address using a Geolocation Maxmind database file (available from http://www. maxmind. com/app/ip-location).This script supports queries using all Maxmind databases that are supported by their API including the commercial ones. ipidseq Classifies a host's IP ID sequence (test for susceptibility to idle scan). ipv6-node-info Obtains hostnames, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses through IPv6 Node Information Queries. ipv6-ra-flood Generates a flood of Router Advertisements (RA) with random source MAC addresses and IPv6 prefixes. Computers, which have stateless autoconfiguration enabled by default (every major OS), will start to compute IPv6 suffix and update their routing table to reflect the accepted announcement.This will cause 100% CPU usage on Windows and platforms, preventing to process other application requests. irc-botnet-channels Checks an IRC server for channels that are commonly used by malicious botnets. irc-brute Performs brute force password auditing against IRC (Internet Relay Chat) serv ers. irc-info Gathers information from an IRC server. irc-sasl-brute Performs brute force password auditing against IRC (Internet Relay Chat) servers supporting SASL authentication. irc-unrealircd-backdoor Checks if an IRC server is backdoored by running a time-based command (ping) and checking how long it takes to respond. scsi-brute Performs brute force password auditing against iSCSI targets. iscsi-info Collects and displays information from remote iSCSI targets. isns-info Lists portals and iSCSI nodes registered with the Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS). jdwp-exec Attempts to exploit java's remote debugging port. When remote debugging port is left open, it is possible to inject java bytecode and achieve remote code execution. This script abuses this to inject and execute a Java class file that executes the supplied shell command and returns its output. jdwp-info Attempts to exploit java's remote debugging port.When remote debugging port is left open, it is possible to inject java bytecode and achieve remote code execution. This script injects and execute a Java class file that returns remote system information. jdwp-inject Attempts to exploit java's remote debugging port. When remote debugging port is left open, it is possible to inject java bytecode and achieve remote code execution. This script allows injection of arbitrary class files. jdwp-version Detects the Java Debug Wire Protocol. This protocol is used by Java programs to be debugged via the network.It should not be open to the public Internet, as it does not provide any security against malicious attackers who can inject their own bytecode into the debugged process. krb5-enum-users Discovers valid usernames by brute force querying likely usernames against a Kerberos service. When an invalid username is requested the server will responde using the Kerberos error code KRB5KDC_ERR_C_PRINCIPAL_UNKNOWN, allowing us to determine that the user name was invalid. Valid user names will illicit either th e TGT in a AS-REP response or the error KRB5KDC_ERR_PREAUTH_REQUIRED, signaling that the user is required to perform pre authentication. dap-brute Attempts to brute-force LDAP authentication. By default it uses the built-in username and password lists. In order to use your own lists use the userdb and passdb script arguments. ldap-novell-getpass Universal Password enables advanced password policies, including extended characters in passwords, synchronization of passwords from eDirectory to other systems, and a single password for all access to eDirectory. ldap-rootdse Retrieves the LDAP root DSA-specific Entry (DSE) ldap-search Attempts to perform an LDAP search and returns all matches. lexmark-config Retrieves configuration information from a Lexmark S300-S400 printer. lmnr-resolve Resolves a hostname by using the LLMNR (Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution) protocol. lltd-discovery Uses the Microsoft LLTD protocol to discover hosts on a local network. maxdb-info Retrieves version and database information from a SAP Max DB database. mcafee-epo-agent Check if ePO agent is running on port 8081 or port identified as ePO Agent port. membase-brute Performs brute force password auditing against Couchbase Membase servers. membase-http-info Retrieves information (hostname, OS, uptime, etc. ) from the CouchBase Web Administration port. The information retrieved by this script does not require any credentials. emcached-info Retrieves information (including system architecture, process ID, and server time) from distributed memory object caching system memcached. metasploit-info Gathers info from the Metasploit rpc service. It requires a valid login pair. After authentication it tries to determine Metasploit version and deduce the OS type. Then it creates a new console and executes few commands to get additional info. References: * http://wiki. msgpack. org/display/MSGPACK/Format+specification * https://community. rapid7. com/docs/DOC-1516 Metasploit RPC API Guide metasp loit-msgrpc-brutePerforms brute force username and password auditing against Metasploit msgrpc interface. metasploit-xmlrpc-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a Metasploit RPC server using the XMLRPC protocol. mmouse-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the RPA Tech Mobile Mouse servers. mmouse-exec Connects to an RPA Tech Mobile Mouse server, starts an application and sends a sequence of keys to it. Any application that the user has access to can be started and the key sequence is sent to the application after it has been started. modbus-discover Enumerates SCADA Modbus slave ids (sids) and collects their device information. ongodb-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the MongoDB database. mongodb-databases Attempts to get a list of tables from a MongoDB database. mongodb-info Attempts to get build info and server status from a MongoDB database. mrinfo Queries targets for multicast routing information. ms-sql-brute Performs password guessing against Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql). Works best in conjunction with the broadcast-ms-sql-discover script. ms-sql-config Queries Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql) instances for a list of databases, linked servers, and configuration settings. ms-sql-dacQueries the Microsoft SQL Browser service for the DAC (Dedicated Admin Connection) port of a given (or all) SQL Server instance. The DAC port is used to connect to the database instance when normal connection attempts fail, for example, when server is hanging, out of memory or in other bad states. In addition, the DAC port provides an admin with access to system objects otherwise not accessible over normal connections. ms-sql-dump-hashes Dumps the password hashes from an MS-SQL server in a format suitable for cracking by tools such as John-the-ripper. In order to do so the user needs to have the appropriate DB privileges. s-sql-empty-password Attempts to authenticate to Microsoft SQL Servers using an empty password for the sysad min (sa) account. ms-sql-hasdbaccess Queries Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql) instances for a list of databases a user has access to. ms-sql-info Attempts to determine configuration and version information for Microsoft SQL Server instances. ms-sql-query Runs a query against Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql). ms-sql-tables Queries Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql) for a list of tables per database. ms-sql-xp-cmdshell Attempts to run a command using the command shell of Microsoft SQL Server (ms-sql). msrpc-enumQueries an MSRPC endpoint mapper for a list of mapped services and displays the gathered information. mtrace Queries for the multicast path from a source to a destination host. murmur-version Detects the Murmur service (server for the Mumble voice communication client) version 1. 2. 0 and above. mysql-audit Audits MySQL database server security configuration against parts of the CIS MySQL v1. 0. 2 benchmark (the engine can be used for other MySQL audits by creating appropriate audit files ). mysql-brute Performs password guessing against MySQL. mysql-databases Attempts to list all databases on a MySQL server. mysql-dump-hashesDumps the password hashes from an MySQL server in a format suitable for cracking by tools such as John the Ripper. Appropriate DB privileges (root) are required. mysql-empty-password Checks for MySQL servers with an empty password for root or anonymous. mysql-enum Performs valid user enumeration against MySQL server. mysql-info Connects to a MySQL server and prints information such as the protocol and version numbers, thread ID, status, capabilities, and the password salt. mysql-query Runs a query against a MySQL database and returns the results as a table. mysql-users Attempts to list all users on a MySQL server. mysql-variablesAttempts to show all variables on a MySQL server. mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 nat-pmp-info Get's the routers WAN IP using the NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP). The NAT-PMP protocol is supported by a broad range of routers including: – Apple AirPort Express – Apple AirPort Extreme – Apple Time Capsule – DD-WRT – OpenWrt v8. 09 or higher, with MiniUPnP daemon – pfSense v2. 0 – Tarifa (firmware) (Linksys WRT54G/GL/GS) – Tomato Firmware v1. 24 or higher. (Linksys WRT54G/GL/GS and many more) – Peplink Balance nat-pmp-mapport Maps a WAN port on the router to a local port on the client using the NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP).It supports the following operations: o map – maps a new external port on the router to an internal port of the requesting IP o unmap – unmaps a previously mapped port for the requesting IP o unmapall – unmaps all previously mapped ports for the requesting IP nbstat Attempts to retrieve the target's NetBIOS names and MAC address. ncp-enum-users Retrieves a list of all eDirectory users from the Novell NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) service. ncp-serverinfo Retrieves eDirectory server information (OS ve rsion, server name, mounts, etc. ) from the Novell NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) service. ndmp-fs-infoLists remote file systems by querying the remote device using the Network Data Management Protocol (ndmp). NDMP is a protocol intended to transport data between a NAS device and the backup device, removing the need for the data to pass through the backup server. The following products are known to support the protocol: Amanda Bacula CA Arcserve CommVault Simpana EMC Networker Hitachi Data Systems IBM Tivoli Quest Software Netvault Backup Symantec Netbackup Symantec Backup Exec ndmp-version Retrieves version information from the remote Network Data Management Protocol (ndmp) service.NDMP is a protocol intended to transport data between a NAS device and the backup device, removing the need for the data to pass through the backup server. The following products are known to support the protocol: Amanda Bacula CA Arcserve CommVault Simpana EMC Networker Hitachi Data Systems IBM Tivoli Ques t Software Netvault Backup Symantec Netbackup Symantec Backup Exec nessus-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a Nessus vulnerability scanning daemon using the NTP 1. 2 protocol. nessus-xmlrpc-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a Nessus vulnerability scanning daemon using the XMLRPC protocol. etbus-auth-bypass Checks if a NetBus server is vulnerable to an authentication bypass vulnerability which allows full access without knowing the password. netbus-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the Netbus backdoor (â€Å"remote administration†) service. netbus-info Opens a connection to a NetBus server and extracts information about the host and the NetBus service itself. netbus-version Extends version detection to detect NetBuster, a honeypot service that mimes NetBus. nexpose-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a Nexpose vulnerability scanner using the API 1. 1.By default it only tries three guesses per username to avoid target account lockout. nfs-ls Attempts to get useful information about files from NFS exports. The output is intended to resemble the output of ls. nfs-showmount Shows NFS exports, like the showmount -e command. nfs-statfs Retrieves disk space statistics and information from a remote NFS share. The output is intended to resemble the output of df. nping-brute Performs brute force password auditing against an Nping Echo service. nrpe-enum Queries Nagios Remote Plugin Executor (NRPE) daemons to obtain information such as load averages, process counts, logged in user information, etc. tp-info Gets the time and configuration variables from an NTP server. We send two requests: a time request and a â€Å"read variables† (opcode 2) control message. Without verbosity, the script shows the time and the value of the version, processor, system, refid, and stratum variables. With verbosity, all variables are shown. ntp-monlist Obtains and prints an NTP server's monitor data. omp2- brute Performs brute force password auditing against the OpenVAS manager using OMPv2. omp2-enum-targets Attempts to retrieve the list of target systems and networks from an OpenVAS Manager server. openlookup-infoParses and displays the banner information of an OpenLookup (network key-value store) server. openvas-otp-brute Performs brute force password auditing against a OpenVAS vulnerability scanner daemon using the OTP 1. 0 protocol. oracle-brute Performs brute force password auditing against Oracle servers. oracle-brute-stealth Exploits the CVE-2012-3137 vulnerability, a weakness in Oracle's O5LOGIN authentication scheme. The vulnerability exists in Oracle 11g R1/R2 and allows linking the session key to a password hash. When initiating an authentication attempt as a valid user the server will respond with a session key and salt.Once received the script will disconnect the connection thereby not recording the login attempt. The session key and salt can then be used to brute force t he users password. oracle-enum-users Attempts to enumerate valid Oracle user names against unpatched Oracle 11g servers (this bug was fixed in Oracle's October 2009 Critical Patch Update). oracle-sid-brute Guesses Oracle instance/SID names against the TNS-listener. ovs-agent-version Detects the version of an Oracle Virtual Server Agent by fingerprinting responses to an HTTP GET request and an XML-RPC method call. p2p-conficker Checks if a host is infected with Conficker.C or higher, based on Conficker's peer to peer communication. path-mtu Performs simple Path MTU Discovery to target hosts. pcanywhere-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the pcAnywhere remote access protocol. pgsql-brute Performs password guessing against PostgreSQL. pjl-ready-message Retrieves or sets the ready message on printers that support the Printer Job Language. This includes most PostScript printers that listen on port 9100. Without an argument, displays the current ready message. With the p jl_ready_message script argument, displays the old ready message and changes it to the message given. op3-brute Tries to log into a POP3 account by guessing usernames and passwords. pop3-capabilities Retrieves POP3 email server capabilities. pptp-version Attempts to extract system information from the point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP) service. qscan Repeatedly probe open and/or closed ports on a host to obtain a series of round-trip time values for each port. These values are used to group collections of ports which are statistically different from other groups. Ports being in different groups (or â€Å"families†) may be due to network mechanisms such as port forwarding to machines behind a NAT. quake3-infoExtracts information from a Quake3 game server and other games which use the same protocol. quake3-master-getservers Queries Quake3-style master servers for game servers (many games other than Quake 3 use this same protocol). rdp-enum-encryption Determines which Secu rity layer and Encryption level is supported by the RDP service. It does so by cycling through all existing protocols and ciphers. When run in debug mode, the script also returns the protocols and ciphers that fail and any errors that were reported. rdp-vuln-ms12-020 Checks if a machine is vulnerable to MS12-020 RDP vulnerability. realvnc-auth-bypassChecks if a VNC server is vulnerable to the RealVNC authentication bypass (CVE-2006-2369). redis-brute Performs brute force passwords auditing against a Redis key-value store. redis-info Retrieves information (such as version number and architecture) from a Redis key-value store. resolveall Resolves hostnames and adds every address (IPv4 or IPv6, depending on Nmap mode) to Nmap's target list. This differs from Nmap's normal host resolution process, which only scans the first address (A or AAAA record) returned for each host name. reverse-index Creates a reverse index at the end of scan output showing which hosts run a particular service. This is in addition to Nmap's normal output listing the services on each host. rexec-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the classic UNIX rexec (remote exec) service. riak-http-info Retrieves information (such as node name and architecture) from a Basho Riak distributed database using the HTTP protocol. rlogin-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the classic UNIX rlogin (remote login) service. This script must be run in privileged mode on UNIX because it must bind to a low source port number. rmi-dumpregistry Connects to a remote RMI registry and attempts to dump all of its objects. mi-vuln-classloader Tests whether Java rmiregistry allows class loading. The default configuration of rmiregistry allows loading classes from remote URLs, which can lead to remote code execution. The vendor (Oracle/Sun) classifies this as a design feature. rpc-grind Fingerprints the target RPC port to extract the target service, RPC number and version. rpcap-brute Perform s brute force password auditing against the WinPcap Remote Capture Daemon (rpcap). rpcap-info Connects to the rpcap service (provides remote sniffing capabilities through WinPcap) and retrieves interface information.The service can either be setup to require authentication or not and also supports IP restrictions. rpcinfo Connects to portmapper and fetches a list of all registered programs. It then prints out a table including (for each program) the RPC program number, supported version numbers, port number and protocol, and program name. rsync-brute Performs brute force password auditing against the rsync remote file syncing protocol. rsync-list-modules Lists modules available for rsync (remote file sync) synchronization. rtsp-methods Determines which methods are supported by the RTSP (real time streaming protocol) server. tsp-url-brute Attempts to enumerate RTSP media URLS by testing for common paths on devices such as surveillance IP cameras. samba-vuln-cve-2012-1182 Checks if ta rget machines are vulnerable to the Samba heap overflow vulnerability CVE-2012-1182. servicetags Attempts to extract system information (OS, hardware, etc. ) from the Sun Service Tags service agent (UDP port 6481). sip-brute Performs brute force password auditing against Session Initiation Protocol (SIP – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol) accounts. This protocol is most commonly associated with VoIP sessions. ip-call-spoof Spoofs a call to a SIP phone and detects the action taken by the target (busy, declined, hung up, etc. ) sip-enum-users Enumerates a SIP server's valid extensions (users). sip-methods Enumerates a SIP Server's allowed methods (INVITE, OPTIONS, SUBSCRIBE, etc. ) skypev2-version Detects the Skype version 2 service. smb-brute Attempts to guess username/password combinations over SMB, storing discovered combinations for use in other scripts. Every attempt will be made to get a valid list of users and to verify each username before actu ally using them.When a username is discovered, besides being printed, it is also saved in the Nmap registry so other Nmap scripts can use it. That means that if you're going to run smb-brute. nse, you should run other smb scripts you want. This checks passwords in a case-insensitive way, determining case after a password is found, for Windows versions before Vista. smb-check-vulns Checks for vulnerabilities: MS08-067, a Windows RPC vulnerability Conficker, an infection by the Conficker worm Unnamed regsvc DoS, a denial-of-service vulnerability I accidentally found in Windows 2000 SMBv2 exploit (CVE-2009-3103, Microsoft Security Advisory 75497) MS06-025, a Windows Ras RPC service vulnerability MS07-029, a Windows Dns Server RPC service vulnerability smb-enum-domains Attempts to enumerate domains on a system, along with their policies. This generally requires credentials, except against Windows 2000. In addition to the actual domain, the â€Å"Builtin† domain is generally displ ayed. Windows returns this in the list of domains, but its policies don't appear to be used anywhere. smb-enum-groups Obtains a list of groups from the remote Windows system, as well as a list of the group's users. This works similarly to enum. exe with the /G switch. smb-enum-processesPulls a list of processes from the remote server over SMB. This will determine all running processes, their process IDs, and their parent processes. It is done by querying the remote registry service, which is disabled by default on Vista; on all other Windows versions, it requires Administrator privileges. smb-enum-sessions Enumerates the users logged into a system either locally or through an SMB share. The local users can be logged on either physically on the machine, or through a terminal services session. Connections to a SMB share are, for example, people connected to fileshares or making RPC calls.Nmap's connection will also show up, and is generally identified by the one that connected â€Å" 0 seconds ago†. smb-enum-shares Attempts to list shares using the srvsvc. NetShareEnumAll MSRPC function and retrieve more information about them using srvsvc. NetShareGetInfo. If access to those functions is denied, a list of common share names are checked. smb-enum-users Attempts to enumerate the users on a remote Windows system, with as much information as possible, through two different techniques (both over MSRPC, which uses port 445 or 139; see smb. lua). The goal of this script is to iscover all user accounts that exist on a remote system. This can be helpful for administration, by seeing who has an account on a server, or for penetration testing or network footprinting, by determining which accounts exist on a system. smb-flood Exhausts a remote SMB server's connection limit by by opening as many connections as we can. Most implementations of SMB have a hard global limit of 11 connections for user accounts and 10 connections for anonymous. Once that limit is reached, f urther connections are denied. This script exploits that limit by taking up all the connections and holding them. smb-lsAttempts to retrieve useful information about files shared on SMB volumes. The output is intended to resemble the output of the UNIX ls command. smb-mbenum Queries information managed by the Windows Master Browser. smb-os-discovery Attempts to determine the operating system, computer name, domain, workgroup, and current time over the SMB protocol (ports 445 or 139). This is done by starting a session with the anonymous account (or with a proper user account, if one is given; it likely doesn't make a difference); in response to a session starting, the server will send back all this information. smb-print-text

Whya

Whya do many highly trained people from developing nations seek employment in advanced countries? Why are these highly educated people apparently more productive and highly paid in these advanced countries than they are in their home countries? Over the years the United States has been called a nation of immigrants. The fact that it is a melting pot for so many different cultures, races, and religions makes the nation quite unique in the world. Asian Americans, Cuban-Americans, European-Americans, African-Americans, and Mexican-Americans all of different backgrounds, and different cultures, but still all united by the fact that when the hyphen is eliminated they are all considered Americans. For more than 300 years, various ethnic, cultural, and social groups have come to the shores of the United States for a multiplicity of reasons. Some have come to reunite with their loved ones, others to seek economic opportunity, and still many more to find a haven from religious and political persecution. With them, they bring their hopes, their dreams, and, in turn, contribute, enrich, and energize America. Less than one million immigrants arrive in the United States each year. Of these, 700,000 enter as lawful permanent residents and another 100,000 to 150,000 enter legally as refugees or others fleeing persecution. Undocumented immigrants constitute only 1% of the total U.S. population and, contrary to popular belief, most of these immigrants do not enter the United States illegally by crossing our border with Canada or Mexico. Instead, most immigrants here illegally, 6 out of 10, enter the U.S. legally with a student, tourist, or business visa and become illegal when they stay in the United States after their visas expire. Most legal immigrants, about 8 out of 11, come to join close family members. Family-sponsored immigrants enter as either immediate relatives-spouses, unmarried minor children, parents- of United States' citizens...

Alienation and Reification of Hunter essays

Alienation and Reification of Hunter essays There are endless crossroads in the human life, and the ability to distinguish these crossroads relies on ones ability to relinquish any preconceptions of the meaning of life. These crossroads embody what sociological critics for centuries have referred to as alienation and reification. They deem the twin theories are the essence of our individual universes. They interpret the abyss humans deem from their legitimate sense of self. Every human at one divergence in their life has loss the path they were intended to take, thus becoming alienated. This is because society unduly influences humanity into assuming materialism, is the preeminent necessity to strive for, thus experiencing reification. Sociological critics find alienation and reification as important concepts in understanding literature and films. An excellent way to illustrate how important these theories are is to apply them to the story of one man who faced and overcame them. The man I refer to is Hunter Adams, and the movi e based on his life is Patch Adam. In the beginning of the film, Hunter interprets his feelings of alienation when he states, the storm was in my mind, or as the poet Dante put it, in the middle of the journey of my life I found myself in the dark woods for I had lost the right path. Eventually, I would find the right path, but in the most unlikely place (Patch). Hunter committed himself to a mental institution for suicidal tendencies. Ashley Montagu would say, Patch was attempting to understand how in evading the demands of evolution, he had gone astray, then he would give up his present course and join the general mass of humanity (80). During his institutionalization, Hunter found himself coming out of solitude do to the peculiar characters that encircled him. Arthur Mendleson, a fellow patient enlightened Hunter that; if you focus on the problem you cant see the solution. You hav...

How Do I Find the Right Job for Me (A Comprehensive Guide)

How Do I Find the Right Job for Me (A Comprehensive Guide) there’s a vast career world out there, fill with jobs of all kinds. regardless of your situation, finding the right job is never easy. maybe you’re fresh out of school and not quite sure where to begin with your career. maybe you’ve started out for a year or so and realized you’re on the wrong foot, and want to see what else is out there. hey, maybe you’ve put in 10-20 years and have realized you want to explore a new avenue. whatever the case, we want to provide you with the best jobs out there for a variety of scenarios. read on, start researching, and find the right job (and hopefully career) that will bring out the best in you.best jobs with a high school diplomaif you have your high school degree in hand and are looking to enter the working world right away, you’re in luck: there are a world of jobs out there, and some of them come with a hefty paycheck:your top 10 job options with a high school diploma11 high paying jobs that donâ€℠¢t require a college degreesearch for moneymaking jobs you can get with a high school diplomaand if you need a leg up on your job hunt, we’re here for you on that. thejobnetwork has thousands of listings for you to explore, no matter what field you hope to enter. check a few out below, and search for yourself to find the specific type of nursing that interests you.search for:air traffic controller  jobsconstruction manager jobscourt reporter jobsreal estate broker jobsbest jobs with a  college degreeif you’ve made your way through a higher education program, another world of jobs can open up for you: from banking to broadcasting, or teaching to transportation. you’re only limited by your reseach and your job applications. read on to learn more about the many avenues open to you–some that can come with a hefty paycheck!the best jobs for recent college graduates10 highest paying jobs for college graduatessearch for moneymaking jobs you can get with a co llege  diplomalet thejobnetwork help you find these great gigs. check out the below for listings, or search on your own to explore any field–thousands of listings await!search for:pharmaceutical sales rep jobsregistered nurse jobsweb designer jobssoftware developer jobsbest jobs for a happy lifemaybe you’re not only out to find employment, you’re also out to design a career that will keep you (and by association, your family) happy. did you know it’s 100% possible to find a gig that you enjoy going to most days? 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check out the below listings for popular  jobs in every area of the u.s.:web developer jobsactuary jobsoperations research analyst jobsmedical assistant jobsoffice manager jobswhether you’re just staring out or looking for a big change, thejobnetwork has you covered, no matter your experience level or desired field. search today and start your career!