Modernization

Modernization is the process in which social and economic change is obtained by dint of industrial revolution, urbanization and other social changes that alters people?s lives. Modernization promotes individualism over the unity of traditional communities and encourages cause over traditional philosophies. Modernization nooky have two positive and negative effects on society and can often bring ab stunned controversy.

The German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies (1855?1937) form the theory of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Ferdinand Tönnies saw youngisation as the modernized loss of human association (Gemeinschaft). He also believed that modernization caused people in modern societies to drift apart and ain relationships became more impersonal as people became more self-centered (Gesellschaft). Ferdinand Tönnies theory suggests that ? modernity turns society inside out so that people are essentially separated in spite of uniting factors (Macionis, J., 2006, page 457). Large cities provide an sensitive example of Ferdinand Tönnies theory of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. People pass maven another by the hundreds on busy city streets every day; yet, they remain strangers because they ignore each other as they pass. Even loyalty and trust becomes issues between friends as individuals rank their personal needs above others. Peter Berger?s bat was greatly influenced by Ferdinand Tönnies theories.

Peter Berger (1977) identified quartet major characteristics of modernization to describe his theory about how modernization manifests itself.

1.



The decline of small, traditional communities: rather than carriage revolving around family and community it now revolves around technology and individualism. People born into modern societies may have the tendency to overlook such a decline in small, traditional communities because they would have never lived in or possibly even seen a small, traditional community.

2.The working out of personal choice: rather than following the traditional standards of life i.e. religion, faith etc. people have the option to micturate control and choose their own lifestyle. Berger described...

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